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tool, implement hakilo = axe,
sxlosilo = key,
kudrilo = needle,
trancxilo = knife,
razilo = razor,
flugilo = wing,
montrilo = pointer, arrow
-in- female, feminine virino = woman,
patrino = mother,
regxino = queen,
fratino = sister,
onklino = aunt,
cxevalino = mare,
kokino = hen,
ino = female
-ind- worthiness, lauxdinda = praiseworthy,
worthy to be -ed, admirinda = worthy of admiration,
admirable,
worth -ing aminda = loveable, worthy of love,
memorinda = memorable,
vidinda = worth seeing,
vizitinda = worth a trip,
inda = worthy
-ing- holder, socket, glavingo = scabbard,
sheath (for one object) plumingo = penholder,
kandelingo = candlestick
-ist- person habitually occupied instruisto = teacher,
or concerned with something, artisto = artist,
professional or enthusiastic pentristo = painter,
amateur, adherent, partisan policisto = policeman,
masxinisto = machinist,
biciklisto = cyclist,
maristo = sailor,
sxuisto = shoemaker,
drogisto = druggist,
marksisto = marxist,
Esperantisto = Esperantist
-nj- pet-name (feminine) panjo = mommy,
[truncation of root optional] Manjo = Mary,
Nenjo = Nellie
-obl- multiple unuobla = single,
duobla = double, twofold,
trioble = triply, three times,
kvaroble = fourfold, quadruply,
dekduoble = twelve times,
dudekoble = twenty times,
centoble = a hundredfold,
multobligi, obligi = to multiply
-on- fraction duono = half,
duonigi = to halve,
sesono = sixth,
centono = a hundredth part
-op- collective unuope = one by one, singly,
duope = two by two, in twos,
kvaropo = quartet,
kvarope = four abreast, by fours,
centope = by hundreds, a hundred at
a time
-uj- (1) container, receptacle monujo = purse,
inkujo = inkstand,
ujo = generic container
(2) land, country Anglujo = England,
Esperantujo = Esperanto-land
(everywhere where E-o is spoken),
(3) tree or bush pomujo = apple tree,
bearing fruit pirujo = pear-tree,
plumujo = plum-tree,
vinberujo = vine
[note that (2) and (3) usages of -uj- are becoming archaic/outdated]
-ul- person (possesing a certain junulo = youth, young man,
quality), characterised by belulino = beauty,
bravulo = brave man,
blindulo = blind person,
surdulo = deaf person,
mutulo = mute person,
ricxulo = rich man,
drinkulo = drunkard,
sagxulo = wise man, sage,
samseksemulo = homosexual, gay,
kunulo = companion,
fremdulo = stranger,
ulo = person, individual
-um- indefinite relation malvarmumi = to catch cold,
plenumi = to fulfil,
tendumi = to camp,
literumi = to spell,
okulumi = to ogle,
foliumi = to browse, to glance
(through a book),
kolumo = colar,
manumo = wirst band,
plandumo = sole (of shoe),
ventumi = to fan,
ventumilo = a fan,
aerumi = to ventilate,
komunumo = community,
krucumi = to crucify,
amikumi = to be friends,
Esperantumi = to use Esperanto
(and to enjoy it)
II b. Unofficial Suffixes:
-i- country Francio = France,
Correlatives Page 27
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3 . E S P E R A N T O C O R R E L A T I V E S
___________________________________________________________________________
| | | | | |
| I- | KI- | TI- | CXI- | NENI- |
| (some) | (what) | (that) | (every) | (no) |
| | | | | |
--------+-------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+-----------+
-A | IA | KIA | TIA | CXIA | NENIA |
quality |Some kind of,|What kind of,|That kind of,|Every kind of,|No kind of |
| any kind of | what (a) | such a | all kinds of | |
--------+-------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+-----------+
-AL | IAL | KIAL | TIAL | CXIAL | NENIAL |
reason | For some |Why, for what| So, for that| For every | For no |
| reason | reason | reason | reason | reason |
--------+-------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+-----------+
-AM | IAM | KIAM | TIAM | CXIAM | NENIAM |
time | Sometime, |When, at what|Then, at that|Always, at all|Never,at no|
|anytime, ever| time | time | times | time, not|
--------+-------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+-------ever+
-E | IE | KIE | TIE | CXIE | NENIE |
place |Somewhere, |Where,in what|There,in that|Everywhere, in| Nowhere, |
|anywhere, in | place | place | every place |in no place|
| some place | | | | |
--------+-------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+-----------+
-EN | IEN | KIEN | TIEN | CXIEN | NENIEN |
direc- | Anywhere, | Where to, | There, to | Everywhere, | Nowhere, |
tion | to any place|to what place| that place |to every place|to no place|
--------+-------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+-----------+
-EL | IEL | KIEL | TIEL | CXIEL | NENIEL |
manner |Somehow, in |How, in what |That way,thus| In every way | In no way |
| some way | way |like that, so| | |
--------+-------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+-----------+
-ES | IES | KIES | TIES | CXIES | NENIES |
property| Someone s, | Whose, | That one s | Everyone s, | No one s, |
| anyone s | which one s | | everybody s| nobody s |
--------+-------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+-----------+
-O | IO | KIO | TIO | CXIO | NENIO |
thing | Something, | What, | That, | Everything, | Nothing |
| anything | what thing | that thing | all things| |
--------+-------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+-----------+
-OM | IOM | KIOM | TIOM | CXIOM | NENIOM |
quantity| Some, | How much, | So much, | The whole |Not a bit, |
|some quantity| how many, | as many, | quantity, | none, |
| somewhat |what quantity|that quantity| all of it |no quantity|
--------+-------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+-----------+
-U | IU | KIU | TIU | CXIU | NENIU |
person | Someone, | Who, | That person,| Everyone, | No one, |
or | somebody | what person | that one | everybody | nobody |
specific|-------------|-------------|-------------|--------------|-----------|
object | Some, any...|Which,what...| That ... |Every,all,each| None,no...|
----------------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+-----------+ [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]